Introduction Aras Free Zone with economic activities in different areas, like other Free Zones, though rooted in classical and neoclassical theories, and Adam Smith's Free Trade theory, in particular, plays a decisive role in establishing it, but ignoring the principles governing the structure, Its function and its spatial evolution, is a kind of fall in the same abyss of absoluteism in the form of maximizing the profit and utility of individuals. From the perspective of this study, the root of functional failure in the Free Zone is the spatial patterns of its economic activity. One of the major areas of activity in the Free Zones is the Trade and commerce sector, which has considerable scope in the Aras Free Zone. This paper intends to discover the functional-spatial imperfections and the logic of its formation in the commercial spaces of the Aras Free Zone, in order to provide an appropriate implementation of the objectives for the region. Methodology This study is an exploratory research in nature and catagorised iv fundamental-applied research type. The discovery of the mechanisms and logic governing the social content of the spaces was based on qualitative methods and, in particular, conducting field observations and in-depth and semi-structured interviews with the stakeholders. commercial spaces in this study also included more spaces that were firstly allocated to land levels, secondly, with the exemptions and privileges of the region, and, thirdly, indicative spaces related to the realization of the goals of the Free Zone be. In this study, the content-oriented analysis method was used to analyze the information and interviews conducted. The sampling method used for this method was snowball sampling method and the sample size was determined using theoretical saturation method. 20 experts from Free Zones and 48 Trade and business activists were selected and interviewed. Results and Discussion The investigations showed that Aras Free Zone has allocated vast spaces to small businesses to achieve their transcendental goals; but the performance of these spaces is associated with major failings such as managerial weakness, unhealthy economy, lack of outsourcing and unsustainable economy, and is far from the ideal model based on the goals and foundations of Free Zones. Generally, the domain of small business in the Free Aras area is important in several ways. First, the lack of production conditions due to the macroeconomic policies of the state and the existence of renting and speculation in this field in order to gain more profit on the one hand and the adoption of early policies and measures in line with the periodic revenues due to the weakness of the management of the Aras Free Zone, on the other hand, The capital has been largely driven into this sector, thus providing the basis for its false growth. Second, according to the claims of the officials and experts of the Aras Free Zone, the business of microeconomy has been thriving for the purpose of developing tourism tourism, with the aim of attracting tourists to the region and the economic prosperity of the region, which is quite a look inwardly and in line with the mainland. There are conflicting goals with the outsourcing of the Free Zone. Third, the prosperity of other areas of the Free Arar Free Zone relies heavily on the entry of goods and its supply in these commercial spaces, which in some way reproduce the relations of the dependent capitalist economy, such as the intensification of consumerism and the formation of an unhealthy economy. In total, the currency is withdrawn from the country. Conclusion The results of this paper show that the function and spaces of Trade and commerce in Aras Free Zone are associated with major failings such as management weakness, unhealthy economy, non-extroversion and unstable economy. The formation of an unhealthy economic environment, such as the sale and purchase of licenses, smuggling of goods and etc in this area, with the subsequent changes in the management and personal effects, as well as the intensification of the bureaucratic system for more revenue, all indicate the use the toolkit of the spaces in this area and instability of the region's economy is due to its spatial functions. From this perspective and with the current process, rather than a Free space to leave the country dependent on the economy, it is the opposite of learning and practicing the characteristics of such an economy.

This study aims to design a marketing policy package in Free Trade Zones, specifically focusing on the Arvand Free Trade Zone. The statistical population for the meta-synthesis section comprises 415 articles on marketing policies, from which 47 articles were selected using the Barroso and Sandelowski method (2007). In the Delphi section, the statistical population includes all experts, academic faculty members, and members of the Free Trade Zone organizations, totaling 40 individuals, with 15 selected purposefully as the sample. Data collection tools in this study include the CASP questionnaire and Delphi rounds questionnaires. To obtain the reliability of the research instruments in the quantitative section, Cronbach's alpha method was used. Given the nature of the research, both qualitative and quantitative methods were employed. Through the meta-synthesis method, 12 components and 56 indices were identified within the frameworks of political marketing strategic planning, strategic capabilities, operational capabilities, practical capabilities, internal capabilities, external capabilities, geographical aspects, social and cultural aspects, political aspects and political decision-making, government policies, economic aspects and economic management, and institutional contexts. Using the Delphi method and conducting two rounds, the components were reduced to 11 with 51 indices. Subsequently, considering the filtered policies of the Free Trade Zones, a marketing policy proposal for the Free Trade Zones was developed and designed in the form of mother policies (main actions), supportive barrier-removing policies, and supportive facilitating policies.

Objectives: Opportunity is a central concept within the entrepreneurship field, and there is now a critical mass of literature centered on the concept. Entrepreneurial opportunity emerges at the nexus of individual aspirations with economic and social conditions perceived as favorable to create a new product or service, either in an existing market or a new one. The concept of an ‘ entrepreneurial opportunity’ is central for the study and theory of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurs are individuals who pursue entrepreneurial opportunities. Without entrepreneurial opportunities, therefore, there will be no ‘ entrepreneurship’ , conceptually speaking. The most important exception is the literature in management and organization theory on opportunity discovery or opportunity identification, or what Shane (2003) calls the individual– opportunity nexus. Opportunity identification involves not only technical skills like financial analysis and market research, but also less tangible forms of creativity, team building, problem solving, and leadership. While value can, be created not only by starting new activities but also by improving the operation of existing activities, research in opportunity identification tends to emphasize new activities. These could include creating a new firm or starting a new business arrangement, introducing a new product or service, or developing a new method of production. Investment on one hand is one of the most important factors in economic growth and development in every country and on the other hand, investing is not a casual phenomenon, identification and prioritizing the investment opportunities in every country and region could improve the economic growth and development in addition to attracting the investors. Aras Free Trade-Industrial Zone (abbreviated as AFZ) is located in the Northwest of Iran at the border point with neighboring Armenia, Azerbaijan and the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. AFZ is located in semi dry and semi cold North-West part of Iran. Annual rain fall is about 225 to 400 milliliters per year and average temperature is about 15 degree Celsius. The AFZ is in very close reach of high mountains ranges, which have a cold climate. Facilities include railways and roads, electricity network, irrigation and water distribution network, gas distribution network, communication network, branches of all major banks and insurances, border terminals, customs warehouses, airport (Tabriz), government offices and ministerial branches, hotel, motel and restaurants. The AFZ have different business opportunities in the fields of economy, agriculture and tourism. This study has been done to identify and Prioritization business opportunities in the Aras Free Trade Zone. Methods: This research is a descriptive survey. Research population consists of 150 people. The mixed exploratory method has been used in data collection. In mixed exploratory methods researchers first conducted to collect qualitative data. Then, based on findings from qualitative data, the quantitative data collected to be more generalizability of the findings. Data analysis was done using SPSS statistical software. As for describing qualitative characteristics was calculated percent and frequency distribution. And for describing quantitative characteristics were calculated central and dispersion indexes using one-sample t-test. Finally for test and prioritization of variables, Friedman nonparametric test was used. The study carried out a qualitative paradigm and the case study method. Using purposive sampling, 10 experts in the field of Entrepreneurship in the Aras Free Trade Zone were interviewed. After data collection, business opportunities in the Aras Free Trade Zone in five category including agriculture, tourism, Trade and industry was identified and Prioritization. In order to data analysis, at first all Recorded dialogues were converted to written texts. In the next step, using Sentence by sentence strategy, Important statements and related to the subject were identified. Finally, in order to data interpretation in this study, Constant comparative analysis method or open coding and axial was used. And also to determine the questionnaire reliability of the present study, Cronbach's alpha technique was used. Results: The results of encryption, 41 general categories (coded optional) and business opportunities is identified in Aras Free Zone, The opportunity is classified in five general areas: agribusiness, tourism, commercial, industrial and service. The results showed that between different category, commercial and agriculture part were placed in the first and last priority, respectively. The difference observed between the different domains is a significant error level of less than 0. 05. Also in the parts of Trade business opportunity in building export terminals and Trade, services business opportunities in the integrated health and medical tourism services, industrial business opportunities in the solar heating systems (solar hot water), tourism business opportunities in the construction of hotel and tourism business opportunities and in the field of agriculture business opportunities in sorting and packaging fruit have the first rank. Discussion: Developing any factor in countries requires investing in economic sectors and activities in that country. One cannot expect to increase employment, production and economic welfare without investing in infrastructure plans. Establishing and promoting Free Zones can act as a fast policy and a shortcut for achieving the goals such as attracting foreign and home investments and rapid industrialization in order to develop non-oil export. So the business opportunities in the field of Trade and tourism will specially be attention in the area. Thus, with respect to the special position of Aras Free Zone, relevant authorities given more attention to identify opportunities and create new opportunities with investing in this area, to improve the economic situation and job creation. Moreover, considering the obtained priority in decision-making for investment can cause providing facilities and infrastructures, accelerating in infrastructure and construction affairs, developing economic growth, investment and increasing general revenue, creating healthy and productive employment, adjusting the labor market and goods, presence at international and global markets, production and export and finally will be in line with Free Zone goals.

Considering that tourism development is subject to feasibility under the preconditions, this research seeks to identify the influential factors on the development of tourism in the Aras Free Zone. The research method in this study is applied with a descriptive-analytical nature. The statistical population of the study consisted of managers, officials, urban experts and academic elites of Aras Free Zone, and the sample size is estimated to be 340 people based on the modified Cochran model. To analyze the research data, the least squares model was used in Warp-PLS software. The results of the research show that among the proponents of the study, the most influential are economic (EC), Management (MA). Marketing and Advertising (MAA) and Education (ED). The coefficients were extracted according to the structural model of the research for each of them: 0. 67, 0. 59, 0. 51 and 0. 48 respectively. On the other hand, the effect of these proponents on the two dimensions of tourism development, namely, economic and physical (EP), and political, social and cultural (PSC), has been measured. The results indicate that there is a significant relationship between the drivers and components of tourism development at the 95% confidence level has it.

One objective of the regional and national planning is to create Free Trade Zone, special economic Zones and in general export Zone, developed with the aim of increasing and developing export, employment, attracting internal investment and technology transfer and increasing public earning. The execution of such programs and the creation of these Zones will have economic, political, social and cultural consequences. Therefore, in the present study the impact of the Free Trade Zone in Salafchegan on the social development of that town has been examined. Also the effect of this Zone on the social welfare of the local people and its social consequences has been dealt with. The statistical population of this project (211 households) includes all the families living in Salafchegan, 86 of which were selected as the sample size. The project's data was based on descriptive-survey research and the tools were questionnaires and interviews. Based on the results of this study the establishment of special Free Trade Zone has led to a slight decrease in social solidarity among people of Salafchegan. However, it has resulted in an decrease in social confidence among the people of Salafchegan.

Introduction: Reducing of employment opportunities in border area, restrictions of legal and sustainable incomes source, seasonal changes in incomes, with happening of crime types, smuggling of goods, and expansion of different type of economic abnormalities in this areas, are the development issues in the border areas. Accordingly, Free Trade Zones can play a significant role in increasing import, employment and attracting internal and external investment. This study poses this question that what relationship there is between employment development (new employment opportunity) with security improvement and reducing smuggling to evaluate the relation of employment with promotion security and reduction smuggling.Method: In the present study, research type in terms of the nature and method is "correlation" and way of doing it is "surveying". The Statistical society of this study is the citizens over 19 years of Bandar-e Anzali that by using Cochran formula 321 persons were selected by simple random sampling. validity of questionnaire determined by obtaining the opinion professionals and to determine the reliability of the questionnaire, it was distributed and gathered randomly among 22 individual of samples by using SPSS and the Cronbach’s alpha were calculated 87%.Findings: In order to analyze the data to determine a significant relationship between variables were used "Spearman" statistical test in the form of two-dimensional tables. The results of the statistical tests show that there is a significant relationship between the acquisition of new employment opportunities (retail services development, wholesale services development, touristic areas development and etc.), with promoting security and also smuggling reduction in the area.conclusion: The results emphasize that meanwhile, vitality of establishing Free Zone and its economic and welfare positive effects, fortunately, Bandar-e Anzali Free Zone due to Provide the required prerequisites, has been able to enhanc security and reduce smuggling in regional and national levels and even international level play an essential role.

This study evaluates the effect of the approval of Maku Free Trade-Industrial Zone on the development of counties located in this region. For this purpose, the development index of the counties has been calculated based on 22 variables and the TOPSIS method for 2011 and 2016. The results indicated that the development convergence hypothesis between the counties is not confirmed. Also, the approval of Maku Free Trade-Industrial Zone has increased the difference (positive difference) in the level of development of Maku county from the average development of the counties of West Azerbaijan province. For Showt county, despite the improvement in the development rank, the difference (negative difference) has increased from the average development of the counties of West Azerbaijan province. For Poldasht county, while the rank deteriorates, difference (negative difference) from the average development of the counties of West Azerbaijan province has also increased. In summary of the results, it can be argued that the approval of Maku Free Trade-Industrial Zone has not made a significant change in this Zone in terms of development.

The creation of a Free Trade Zone plays an important role in the circulation of exports, economic growth and employment, but financial, managerial and economic reasons have caused that there has been no serious movement to achieve the goals and some of the desired goals have not been realized. This research has been done with the aim of designing a policy package of marketing knowledge in Free Trade Zones based on the tacit knowledge of experts using metacombination method. This research is qualitative and inductive in nature with a survey strategy that uses the interview technique. In the meta-composition method, the books, documents and research articles of the investigated community, which entered the meta-composition process after several stages of screening, 21 components were identified as the most important codes that played an essential role in the creation of marketing policies of Free Trade Zones. A policy package that includes the main (mother) policies and supporting policies in three categories of barriers, enablers and facilitators has been presented. The marketing programs of the Free Trade Zones are made through increasing the integrations according to the parent policies and supporting policies

The present study aims to provide a framework for the development of contextual ambidextrous human resources in Aras Free Trade-Industrial Zone. The research method was qualitative through semi-structured interviews by human resource experts in firms within the Aras Free Industrial Zone. To determine the sample group, 15 experts with, at least, 5 years of managerial experience were selected and participated in the research using snowball sampling method. According to the theme analysis method, 11 characteristics were identified classified into five factors of the development of contextual ambidextrous human resource including empowerment, motivation creation, opportunity generation, adaptability, and human resource management which formed the framework for the ambidextrous development of human resources. Therefore, it is essential to consider some mechanisms to develop human resource ambidexterity. Accordingly, it is recommended to consider education and new skills, creative ideas and talent identification to empower employees. Furthermore, it is possible to motivate employees through succession planning based on their competency, as well as by providing support for employees.

Free Trade-industrial Zones as a stimulus for economic development in many countries ultimately leads to the development and social welfare of the people of the region. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the effects of Free Trade-industrial Zone on the social justice in Chabahar city. The present analytical research was an applied research in terms of purpose and it was a survey research in terms of the method. Data collection was done in two ways: library studies and field studies (questionnaire). The statistical population included residents of Chabahar (106739 people) from which 382 people were selected as the sample using the Cochran's formula. The questionnaires were distributed in the four districts of Chabahar city in terms of population ratio. Data were analyzed using (SPSS), (AMOS) and Combined Human Development Index (HDI). The results of the Spearman correlation test showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the Free Trade-industrial Zone variable and the dimension social justice at 99% confidence level. The results of regression analysis showed that 95% of the changes in the dependent variable (social justice) is explained by the independent variable (Free Trade-industrial Zone). Also, the results of the structural model of the research using AMOS software indicated that the relationships between social justice indicators are significant. Finally, the results of the Combined Human Development Index (HDI) showed that among the four districts of Chabahar city, the second district with a rate of (81. 4) is in a semi-privileged condition,it is in a better condition than other districts.